Guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology

#Guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology full#

The maximum amount of air that can be expelled after first filling the lungs to maximum and expiring to maximum (about 4600 ml).The total lung capacity.The amount of air remains in the lungs after normal expiration (about 2300 ml).The vital capacity.The amount of air a person can breathe in (about 3500 ml).The functional residual capacity.Pulmonary CapacitiesThe inspiratory capacity the volume of air remaining in the lungs after the most forceful expiration (about 1200 ml).the maximum extra volume of air that can be expired by forceful expiration after end of tidal expiration (about 1100 ml).The residual volume.

#Guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology full#

the extra volume of air that can be inspired over and above the tidal volume with full force (about 3000 ml).The expiratory reserve volume.the volume of air inspired or expired with each normal breath (about 500 ml).The inspiratory reserve volume.acidosis) Functional Neuromuscular disorders Chemical exposure (anxiety, panic, hyperventilation) Noncardiac or Nonpulmonary Etiology Metabolic conditions Pain Trauma(e.g. Mixed Cardiac/Pulmonary Etiology COPD with Chronic pulmonary Pleural HTN and/or Deconditioning pulmonary effusioncor pulmonale emboli Pulmonary Etiology Restrictive COPD Asthma Lung DisordersHereditary Pneumo- Lung Pneumonia thoraxDisordersД¬ardiac Etiology Recent or past Congestive Coronary Artery history ofHeart Failure Cardiomyopathy Disease (CAD) Myocardial (CHF) Infarction (MI) Left Valvular ventricular Pericarditis Arrhythmiasdysfunction hypertrophy Dyspnea on exertion is excessive or abnormalshortness of breath on exertion.Дifferential DiagnosisFour general categories: Cardiac Pulmonary Mixed non-cardiac cardiac or non- pulmonary pulmonary while sitting still.Д¬ase Findings on Physical Examination Trachea is Thin with Moderate SOB positioned in broad chest the midlineThorax moves Reduced Breathing rate up & down breath sound is 32 per minsymmetrically across lung Wheezing on expirationД¬ase Findings on Physical Examination Extended BP 132/78 Heart rate 94 expiration mmHg per min Arterial Decreased Increase oxygen FVC & FEV1 TLC, FRC & RVsaturation 91%ДyspneaDyspnea, the sensation of breathlessness orinadequate breathing, is the most commoncomplaint of patients with cardiopulmonarydiseases.Dyspnea - common complaint вЂњshortness ofbreathвЂќ.Defined as uncomfortable breathing. Shortness ofbreath due to Trouble breathing effort. No other illnesses.Д¬ase Signs & Symptoms No shivers, sore throat, vomiting, diarrLooks pale, feels as his hea, and not sick.temperature is raised. cigarettes a day.Stopped smoking six Retired coffeeyears ago. ObjectivesSummarize the case ( Signs & Symptoms & Findings).Define Dyspnea.Demonstrate the Differential Diagnosis.Display the Anatomy of the Respiratory Tract.Recognize the Volumes of the Lung.Clarify the Physiology of Breathing.Understand the Pathophysiology of Dyspnea.Mention the Diagnostic Investigations.Enumerate First Aids & Treatments.Д¬ase Smoke two packs of67-year-old man. Shortness of Breath during Exertion Fatima AlAwadh